The Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African...

Chapter Three Disciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarcerated due to the negative labels given to them. This chapter will discuss the findings, implications, and future research of the impact of incarceration on the social conceptions of African American juveniles. Findings Negative views caused by society have had a major impact on the increasing of African American male juvenile incarceration rates in this country. Education is believed to be one of the most important resolutions to juvenile delinquency, but it does not gain the awareness it deserves in these detention centers. Instead, because of the multiple issues that face juvenile detention centers, academic growth is often ignored (Morrison and Epps 2002). To efficiently restore young people in America s juvenile justice system, those who are in custody require more educational services that can help develop their educational skills. Foster, Williamson, and Buchannon (2004) reported on a successful reading program that was implemented at a juvenileShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that pop ulation, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while CaucasianRead MoreImpact Of Incarceration Of Young Offenders1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Impacts Incarceration of â€Å"Young Offenders† in the United States By Cedric Washington (Abstract) This study is to examine the impact of offenders under the ages of 18 becoming incarcerated in United States. In society today there a lot of young children of all races incarcerated throughout America. All around the world there are different classes of people that form a community. Within these communities, population grows and grows on a yearly basis. When looking at the topicRead MoreEnvironmental Risk Factors Of Adolescents1806 Words   |  8 PagesFindings Environmental Risk factors Poverty. The social environments that adolescents are repeatedly exposed to have been shown to influence their behaviors that follow into adulthood. Adolescents who are exposed to toxic social environments (e.g. violent neighborhoods, poverty, minimal parental supervision, etc.) have demonstrated higher rates of offending in comparison to adolescents who come from more affluent neighborhoods (Chung Steinberg 2006; Steinberg Monahan, 2007). Rodriguez (2013)Read MoreSocial Issues In Criminal Justice1361 Words   |  6 Pagesrepeating crimes. The issue with this law was the abuse of power that rode on its coattails. The criminal justice system was handing down harsh sentences to non-violent, non-serious offenders, marking them with their second and third strikes. African Americans that are punished under the three strikes law, account for 13 times more than white offenders for similar crimes (Three Strikes Law Disproportionately Affects Blacks, 2004). When examining the implications of our laws and policies, startingRead MoreJuvenile Justice System in California1815 Words   |  8 PagesEnglish 28/ Research Paper May 27, 2013 Does the Time Fit the Crime? This is a call to action, how much do we actually know about the California Juvenile Justice system? Have we given up on today’s youth? There are more than 2,500 juvenile offender’s states wide that have been sentenced to life in prison or life without parole. They are sent to adult court in which they were convicted for their crimes. This is costing California tax payersRead MoreThe Sentencing Of African Americans1626 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans now constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated; that is 60% of 30% of the African American population. African Americas are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites. â€Å"Between 6.6% and 7.5% of all black males ages 25 to 39 were imprisoned in 2011, which were the highest imprisonment rates among the measured sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age groups. (Carson, E. Ann, and Sabol, William J. 2011.) Stated on Americanprogram.org â€Å" The SentencingRead MoreThe Basis for Cri dme Deterren ce in the United States964 Words   |  4 Pagesreaching consequences for criminal offenders and completely ignores the true goal of incarceration, to rehabilitate the offender for reintroduction into society. Mass incarceration as a means of criminal rehabilitation in the United States is extremely flawed. There are many far-reaching consequences of this practice that not only affects the incarcerated but larger society on a whole. The phrase mass incarceration, according to Oxford Encyclopedia, refers to â€Å"comparatively and historically extremeRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate Of Incarceration Rates Among African American Males1339 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The United States has the highest rate of incarceration in the world, this country is known to have the greatest number of people go to jail yearly than any other state shown in records. Chicago, Illinois is known to be the city that never sleeps, the city that encompasses the highest rates of homicides, drug smuggling and highest incarceration rates among African American males. Delinquency is a social term in society often used to describe individuals who have been involved in criminalRead MoreComparison Between Schools And Prisons1732 Words   |  7 PagesBut, during this same period taxpayers spent nearly $290 million to imprison residents from just 11 Philadelphia neighborhoods, home to about one-quarter of the city s population. State spending on corrections has exploded in recent years, as incarceration rates have more than tripled in a majority of states in the past few decades. The report says that the likelihood that an offender will be incarcerated has gone up across the board for all major crimes. At the same time, increases in educationRead MoreThe Prisoners Wife: Incarcerated Parents1152 Words   |  5 Pagesparents. According to Department of Justice data African American children are nine time more likely than white children to have incarcerated parents, A number double that of what was reported in 1991 Most children of incarcerated parents live in poverty before, during and after their parent incarceration( Johnston 1995).The social consequences of not meeting the need of these children and their non incarcerated parent will come to the attention of social workers in array of fields of practice. This

Stress Management Essay - 1503 Words

Stress is defined as â€Å"any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities† (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need for stimulation and challenge, promote personal growth, and can provide an individual with the tools to cope with, and be less affected by tomorrow’s stress (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 93). When stressful events occur three types of responses take†¦show more content†¦Both aggression and self indulgence are harmful and have negative effects both psychologically and physiologically. Positive coping strategies, or constructive coping, refer to strategies that are healthy when dealing with stress. Constructive coping strategies involve realistic appraisals of the situation, directly confronting the situation, organizing and managing the potentially disruptive emotional reactions to stress, and exerting some control over the negative habitual behaviors (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 114). In order to effectively manage stress an individual must first accurately identify the sources of the stress. Psychological tests such as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), or the Life Experiences Survey (LES), can aid in identifying the extent in which events or situations that are perceived as stressful. The SRRS test measures life change as a form of stress. Values are assi gned to 43 major life events that reflect the degree of the readjustment required by each change (Weiten Lloyd, 2006). A high score on the SRRS indicates that the individual is more vulnerable to physical and psychological illnesses. However the SRRS fails to account for many variables such as individual perception of the event or neuroticism. The stressful events depicted in the SRRS are ambiguous, which lowers the reliability of the test. Alternatively the LES was designed to address the problems withShow MoreRelatedStress And The Stress Management1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Stress, its history and how to manage Stress is a daily conversation word as the world is becoming more challenging and difficult to live. It is very important to understand, and know how to manage it on a daily basis especially on our workplace. This essay will be broken into four parts firstly it is going to discuss about the contrast and similarity in the definition of stress between Engineering and Selye’s approach. Then it is going to critically evaluate the General AdaptationRead MoreHow Stress And Stress Management1319 Words   |  6 Pagesin which we have studied during the weeks of nine through eleven. I have selected to explore Stress and Stress Management more in depth. In this assignment I will explain what made me want to know more about it. I plan on telling you what you should know about Stress and Stress Management. Lastly, I will discuss how Stress and Stress Management relate to success in my personal and professional life. Stress can be defined as the nonspecific response of the body to any dem and made on it (Lamberton Read MoreStress Management3984 Words   |  16 Pagesthat the incidence of work-related stress increased dramatically in Australian organisations during the 1990s and early 2000s? Should employers be made responsible for dealing with the negative effects of work- related stress on their employees? If so how could they do this? Prepared for: Nick Foster Udam Wickremaratne 10571359 Occupational stress is a major news item, which has captured numerous headlines across the industrialized world and rightly so. Stress is reported to cost employers US$120Read MoreEssay on Stress and Stress Management1494 Words   |  6 Pages Stress and stress management: What is stress and how to manage it ? Stress is defined as a force that tends to strain or deform (b) mental emotional or physical tension, strain or distress-(v) to put emphasis on (c ) to subject to strain or pressure. Stress is a unwanted feeling of emotions and physiological arousal that some experience in certain situations. Stress can mean different things to various people. People have said; â€Å"That stress can causeRead MoreA Short Note On Stress Management And Stress Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesStania Tavil Dr. Diane D. Ashe Psychology 2012 October 15, 2016 Stress Management In everyday life, people have to deal with some good moments and some difficulties. They can be helpful and also destructive. Life Comes down to several characteristic as:/ joy, love, sadness, crying etc. There are many phenomena that appear and seem good and a little weird too sometimes. They can be: physical, moral, social, economic, psychological, natural disaster, or failing to achieve. Everyone wants to be happyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Nutrition On Stress Management1852 Words   |  8 Pages Over the recent decades the emerging importance that nutrition has on stress management in college students along with others has become a controversial topic all across different Universities and Public Institutions. Hence, for years, society has suspected that stress and nutrition are linked and now after so many years, scientific research has found evidence to support this connection. In an article by Fysekidis Kouacou (2015), research suggest to help explain this link and, as more individualsRead MoreStress Management Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesStress Stress is normal. It happens to everyone, and affects everyone differently. It is a feeling of being overwhelmed for handling things you aren’t used to. Stress is also known as a response or something that changes in the body caused by emotions, social, physical, or economical issues which can cause tension mentally and physically. It can be caused by external or internal situations. What’s known as the â€Å"fight or flight† response, is initiated when an individual becomes stressed. It is theRead More The Management of Stress Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the answer I’m looking for. The correct answer is stress. Everyone has stress in his or her life at one point or another. It’s one of many inevitable parts of life. Whether it’s busting out a research paper for Psychology at the last minute, expecting your first child to be born, to making sure you’re up in time to catch the Saturday morning cartoons, it’s clearly evid ent that everyone goes through stress. The real question is, how is stress handled in our society? A person is defined by how theyRead MoreEssay on Stress Management649 Words   |  3 PagesStress Management Responses to stressors present different impacts on each individual. Stressors have a physical and psychological effect on people although some people seem to be much less effected by stress being able to withstand high levels of stress almost as if there daily lives depend on it. Even though it is accepted stress is with us from are waking moment to the minute we sleep, almost all individuals through time suffer physical or psychological illness. IndividualRead MoreStress Management Plan1516 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management Plan When I was gathering resources for my first stress portfolio, one picture left a deep impression. It says: â€Å"there are only two times I feel stress: day and night.† Yes, stress exists along with our whole life; it may seem that there is nothing that we can do about stress. The homework and exams will keep coming, there is endless study and work in the day, and our career and family responsibilities will always be demanding. However, the good news is that stress can be managed

Perioperative nursing Free Essays

string(131) " exposed under a strong foundation of ethical practice, standards can positively guide in her performance in the surgical setting\." Perioperative nurses take the responsibility of safeguarding the rights of surgical patients before, during and after his surgery. The nurse’s decisions during this period of the patient’s institutionalization are based on universal moral principles. As the patient’s advocate or representative during this crucial period, the nurse ensures the quality and continuity of care that a surgical patient needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Perioperative nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is simply based on the premise that patients during this period cannot functionally and actively participate, decide and monitor the regimen of care that best suits them particularly during and after sedation. Often, Perioperative nurses are faced with decisions necessary when caring for surgical patients. They are therefore necessarily prepared to recognize that soon ethical dilemmas will occur and the nurse must take appropriate courses of action through responsible nursing decisions. Not only are they expected to make clinical and technical decisions but also ethically and morally sound decisions suitable for the treatment of their patient. In a daily encounter and exchange with the patient, nurses often have the potential to develop relationships with their patients based on trust. Patient’s trust that nurses will support and follow through with any concerns or issues that have been discussed ((Seifert, 2002: 306). At the same time nurses provide a listening ear  Ã‚   to their patient while providing encouragement and support. Likewise, nurses are provided with the opportunity to learn and gather information essential to the health concerns of their patients including fears and apprehensions. This provides an ample opportunity for nurses to exact information that could be relayed to physicians and other family members pertinent to the regimen of treatment acceptable to the patient. Base on the parameter of therapeutic use of self, nurses are encouraged to maintain a professional and therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients and their family members (Rushton et al, 1996: 186). The Nurses’ Role Within the framework of the nursing process, nurses’ work in collaboration with the other health team members in order to achieve desirable patient outcomes (AORN, 2004:16). They are enjoined to use the tools of the nursing process to meet the needs of the patient undergoing invasive procedures. Although much of the practice involves technicalities, the patient is still the main focus of the perioperative nurse rather than on her technical functions. The goal is still to provide care and support for the patient and for their families (Spry, 2005:3). As the perioperative nurse, one is likewise expected to assist the patient and their families in making sound decisions to meet the overall desired outcome of wellness after surgery and a healthy return to normal life. Along the lines of perioperative nursing, care is provided in various settings based on three major aspects of providing direct care; coordinating comprehensive care and educating patient and their families (Spry:3). The impact of illness particularly when invasive procedures are due usually limits the patients’ individual autonomy and ability to make decisions, thereby placing the perioperative nurse in a powerful position.   Patients and family members often feel helpless in a health care setting; how much more when a love one is scheduled for operation? The patient is therefore vulnerable at this stage so the role of the nurse as an advocate for the patient is stressed as vital to patient care. It would most likely help the patient and his family t know that the nurse during a perioperative setting and procedure ensure a continuous assessment of care for the patient while in the OR, thereby providing ample assurance that the patient’s needs are being met. The nurse, as a moral agent of the patient, must therefore be ready and be able to act and advocate for the patient’s needs whenever necessary while providing perioperative care. In addition, the nurse’s role includes informing patients of their rights and to ensure that patients are given all the necessary information necessary to make/participate in the decision making and likewise support them in whatever decision they undertake. Although the nurse has a responsibility in safeguarding the patient from the incompetence of other health care professionals her main ethical duty is the prevention of a potential injury to the patient and to third parties (Kohnke, 1980: 2039). Nurses in general and in particular perioperative nurses must act as an advocate for the patient, co-worker, family members and students (Seifert, 2002: 307). By virtue of her relationship with the patient, her obligation is to provide a safe, professional and ethical care particularly during the perioperative phase when the patient and family members are most vulnerable. Likewise, technically, the patient and the family member are not equipped to understand the aspect of perioperative invasive procedures which is why the nurse should come as an advocate for the rights of the patient and their families. Thus it is in principle the duty of the nurse to provide patients with ethical care they ought to receive during this particular phase of their treatment. Promoting perioperative nurses’ safety It is therefore another vital job of a perioperative nurse to ensure and create an environment that fosters ethical behavior. As a duty to herself, the nurse must engage in a life-long learning experience, maintaining competence, and promoting personal and professional values, supports the establishment and maintenance of an ethical workplace (Seifert, 2002:306). Nurses must be able to establish, maintain, and improve the work environment and maintain an ability to preserve their integrity and moral self respect. Other virtues and excellence of character like loyalty and honesty further promote nurses’ abilities to fulfill moral obligations and cited as exemplary qualities of the moral person to behave in an ethical manner (ANA, Sec.20). The environment strongly influences in the acquisition of virtues and excellence that may support or impede  ethical behavior. Certain policies, procedures and position often help in influencing behavior that can affect the delivery of care. Certain intolerable policies that become inconsistent with a nurse job like mandatory overtime can greatly become an impediment to an employee’s ethical performance. When nurses are exposed under a strong foundation of ethical practice, standards can positively guide in her performance in the surgical setting. You read "Perioperative nursing" in category "Essay examples" Not only will she be able to identify activities and interventions that help her achieve specific patient outcome but also link her actions t ethical behavior. Most set standards are often based on clinical mandates with virtues of wisdom, honesty, loyalty and courage that are the same qualities of the moral person (AORN, 2002: 492). Nurses who are exposed to this professional standard are likely to employ these standards and view them as a normal practice essential to improve unethical and unsafe practices within her responsibility. Providing a therapeutic work setting or enhancing a safe environment will likewise be a concern to all perioperative nurses. Potential hazards, risks, and unsafe conditions abound in the surgical arena where constant distractions, excessive noise, hasty reviews of patient records, and frequent interruptions can produce situations where the likelihood of error increases. It is always right to alert physicians and others within the health team of any unsafe or deteriorating patient condition that can lead to an active error like sending the wrong patient for surgery; patient morbidity and perhaps mortality. An enlightened approach to this error is to replace blame and punishment with learning and improving (Reeder, 2001:117). Facing Ethical Dilemmas A nurse, for example, has a statutory duty to report suspected cases of abuse or potential for injury, and this situation may arise when a coworker demonstrates incompetent practice. This is an ethical dilemma facing nurses and it seems that nurses are no closer to a solution of how they can be effective advocates for patients without compromising their working identity or facing conflicts of loyalty (Martin, 1998:156). In essence, the nurse would exercise moral alignment with the patient rather than with the physician or the hospital. The nurse will not do any injustice if she takes on the role as the patient’s advocate in all aspects of health care (Seifert, 2002:309). In truth, all health care providers should function as patient advocates (Kohnke, 1980:2040). In instances such as clarifying consent issues, perioperative nurses may act as advocates in a potential ethical conflict (Spry, 2005:3). It may be that all cases in which nurses advocate involve ethical action, but n ot all cases may necessarily involve ethical conflict (Seifert, 2002:309). The nurse’s role in perioperative practice has two components which implies supporting the patient’s autonomy or his right to choose freely, regardless of whether the nurse is in agreement with the patient’s decision. One of the fundamental duties of nursing is to promote and defend patients’ rights (Segesten and Fagring, 1996:142). The act of suppressing an individual’s rights serves as the catalyst response of the nurse to act as the patient’s advocate which is her second role. If advocacy implies speaking up for someone, then it is her duty to speak up for the welfare and benefit of the patient. Again, this could be an identifiable problem because not all nurses are comfortable with conflict situations. Others may not recognize any rights violations; the nurse may not have a level of experience or communication skills that will facilitate advocacy; they may not be empowered as related to a restrictive care environment; or they just may not have a level of understanding about advocacy in general (Seifert, 2002:308). During an error occurrence during the perioperative phase communication and interdisciplinary relationships is the common cause coupled with disruptive physician behavior; institutional responses to such behavior; and the effects of such behavior on nurse satisfaction, morale, and retention (Rosenstein, 2002: 34). When errors or mistakes do occur, it is imperative that nurses learn what occurred, identify systems gaps that represent latent conditions that can lead to errors, collectively review the causes of the error, and share lessons learned.(Reeder, 2001 118). Unfair, illegal, or unethical practices challenge the creation of a moral environment thus collaboration, fairness, and respect for patients and all members of the health care team are more likely to support fulfillment of ethical obligations(Reeder, 2001:118). Conclusion: As an ethical practice, the nurse acts in behalf of the patient, the institution and for herself. This creates confusion particularly when the nurse is faced with a dilemma that conflicts between her personal values and professional obligations (Segesten and Fagring:144). Nurses must therefore act in accordance with the practice standards and code of ethics in coordination with her own values. Speaking up in behalf f the perioperative patient suggest that she is favorably acting as the patient’s advocate particularly during the perioperative phase. This should be viewed as her essential role as a professional and should base her actions according to ethical principle and values. She should speak up when an injustice occurs although in some cases, she would face danger for her actions such as loosing her job. Insofar as ethical practice is concern, an individual must be able to choose whether to sacrifice oneself for her patient and follow a principle of justice. Otherwise if a nurse has any problems with this, she can choose a field that may not compromise her personal beliefs, values or ethics when challenged. The advocacy training for nurses starts within the confines of the nursing education and working environment for the nurse. The philosophy of nursing in which nursing practice stems from supports an individual to promote his/her well-being which is the ethics f practice (Gaylord, 1995:18). In the nursing school, one must be prepared to identify the ethical issues in patient care and understand the ethical principles and philosophies found in the daily practice and be trained to recognize the patient’s rights, wishes and care issues (Seifert, 2002:312). The knowledge of such ethical principles allows the nurse to stand as an advocate for the patient and speak in his behalf using effective communication skills. Works Cited Spry, Cynthia. (2005). Essentials of Perioperative Nursing (3rd ed.) Aspen: Jones and Barlett. Rushton, C., Armstrong, L., McEnhill, E.(1996,June).Establishing therapeutic boundaries as patient advocates. Pediatric Nursing 22, 185-189. Seifert, P.C. and American Nurses Association. (2002, August). Ethics in perioperative practice: Duty to self. AORN Journal 76, 306-313. United States. American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, 20. Segesten, K. and Fagring, A. (1996, October). Patient advocacy: An essential part of quality nursing care. International Nursing Review 43, 142-144. Gaylord,N. and Grace, P.(1995,March). Nursing advocacy: An ethic of practice. Nursing Ethics 2, 11-18. Martin, G. (1998, March). Communication breakdown or ideal speech situation: The problem of nurse advocacy. Nursing Ethics 5, 147-157. Rosenstein, A. (2002, June). Original research: Nurse-physician relationships: Impact on nurse satisfaction and retention. American Journal of Nursing 10, 26-34. Reeder, J. (2001,April). Patient Safety, Errors and mistakes, and perioperative Nursing. Seminars in Perioperative Nursing 10, 115-118. Kohnke, M.(1980, November). The nurse as advocate. American Journal of Nursing 80,2038-2040. How to cite Perioperative nursing, Essay examples

Impact of Transportation Due to Population Growth in NSW - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Transportation Due to Population Growth in NSW. Answer: According to Parliament.nsw.gov.au (2017), the estimated quantitative population of Australia in December 2001 was about 19.6 million which is an increased population of approximately 1.3 percent of the total population present in 2000. The population of Australia has a steady increase with an annual rate of about 1.3 percent per year during 1996 to 2001 (Infrastructure Publications, 2017). The increase in population was due to naturally excessive birth rates over death rates which results in more growth of population compared to migration in Australia. As all countries needs transportation service for establishing a connection with people to their jobs, essential services and communities, Australia is also in need of transportation. In Australia, one out of eight people use public transport for their daily purpose. Driving own car is considered as the most important mode of transport in Australia. Near about 80 percent of total travel is done by own driving. Due to this, Australia s uffers from worst congestion on roads. Costs on congestion that can be avoidable in capital of Australia continue to rise to near about 30 billion dollar in the year 2013 from 16.5 billion dollar (Ting, 2017). In peak hours, Sydney faces the most congestion control on roads. Speed of the cars on some major roads of Sydney limits to about 25km/hr in last two years. Data also shows that in the afternoon peak hours, cars get struck in the traffic for about six hours on Clyde road and Concord road. References Infrastructure Publications. (2017).Infrastructure.gov.au. Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://infrastructure.gov.au/infrastructure/publications/ Population Growth: Implications for Australia and Sydney.Parliament.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/researchpapers/Documents/population-growth-implications-for-australia-and/05-03.pdf Ting, I. (2017).Peak hour in Sydney is getting worse and longer, data shows.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/peak-hour-in-sydney-is-getting-worse--and-longer-data-shows-20160310-gnftvd.html

The Second World War Unrest

Introduction The Second World War was the greatest world unrest in the history of humanity. It culminated in the death of over 30 million people. The war brought things to a standstill in the world with reduced or no economic activity being realized between 1939 and 1945. The war came at the time in which the global economy was recovering from a deep depression (Howard, 2007). Fighting reached most countries across the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Second World War Unrest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Retrospectively, many analysts argue that the war could have been prevented. Others say that it was inevitable to engage in the war. This way, they argue, the world was brought to some level of structural sobriety with bodies such as United Nations coming to the fore in maintaining global harmony. This paper looks into the argument that the war was preventable and highlights some of the reas ons why. Chronology Germany’s meteoric rise under Hitler was because of the First World War. Hitler began to pursue an aggressive foreign policy between 1919 and 1933. Earlier on in the treaty of Versailles, Germans lost precious land to Poland. Most Germans were unhappy and wanted to reverse that. These factors shaped the politics of the Nazis with Hitler pursuing his personal ambitions including addressing the outcomes of the First World War (Weinberg, 2005). As Hitler rose to power, most of the people in Germany were unemployed. With the unemployment rate soaring high, the Nazi regime established its political policies. Hitler began to revise the treaty of Versailles by attacking various neighboring states as he tried reclaiming lost land and increase the territory of Germany (Cogley Sargent, 2001). Britain was one of the global powers at the time and it was involved in resolution of international conflicts involving various countries through appeasement. As Britain conti nuously gave into the demands of Hitler, USSR was alienated .Stalin was made to believe that the Western powers had allowed Hitler to continue his aggressiveness as Germany expanded in the East. The expansion promoted further conflicts between the Nazis and the Soviets. As noted by Cogley Sargent, (2001), the appeasement policy pursued by Britain and France was cowardly as it allowed continued aggression of expansionist states. German began attacking states that were allied to Britain in late 1939. In 1940, Germany began assault on Britain too through airstrikes resulting into the battle of Britain. However, Germany failed to conquer the British Air Force. Italy joined the war together with its allies by attacking North African states as Hitler planned his next move. Germany invaded the USSR in 1941 (Davies, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The initial efforts to invade Russia were successful but the outcome thwarted the efforts of Germany to continue its aggression. A full-scale retreat of Germany was realized in 1943 after the Stalingrad and Kursk battles in which German soldiers were badly injured and many died. In 1944, Germany was forced out of the USSR completely. In the same year, the U.S. joined the war by launching daylight invasion of Germany in one of its colonies that it had captured from France through the port of Normandy (Simkins, Jukes Hickey, 2002). Therefore, Germany had established enmity with almost all superpowers: U.S., USSR, and Britain among others. Despite the efforts of each country, USSR was the first country to get to Berlin with the effects of the war forcing Germany to surrender in 1945 (BBC 2012). Argument Could the war have been prevented? Many people concur that it could have. Although most nations were independent, the rise of Germany under the unpredictable Hitler after the First World War should have been stemme d. Additionally, many European superpowers at the time had expansionist policies. The United States was the sole superpower with nonexistent expansionist policies. Hence, it was in a better position to curb the hunger of Hitler for more and more territory. The US should have played a big role in resolving and possibly repealing the Versailles treaty that was a major catalyst to the war. The Nazi regime was also repressive and should not have existed with US doing nothing (BBC 2012). Unlike in the more recent Rwanda Genocide where the United States’ poor run in Somalia prevented her from acting, the case in 1939 and before was not preceded by a foreign policy mishap. Hence, the US should have played a more active role. Germany was still weak in many fronts. However, with the help of France and Britain through appeasement, Germany grew into a formidable force. The two countries should have used their power to forestall Germany’s meteoric rise. However, as critics argue, this would have given Stalin leeway to further his expansionist ways, which Hitler had beaten at him. Hence, prevention should have been directed at the two nations. The UN played a role too. The economic policies it was proposing worsened the Germans’ resolve to get back their resources. The Japanese had a minimal role though it was also significant if the consequences and outcomes of the war are anything to go by. Conclusively, most of the superpowers at the time played an active or passive role in worsening the war (BBC 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Second World War Unrest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References BBC. (2012). History: World War 2. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ Cogley, T. Sargent, T. (2001). Evolving Post-World War II U.S. Inflation Dynamics. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 16: 331-388. Davies, N. (2008). No Simple Victory: World War II in Europe, 1939–1945. New York: Penguin Group. Howard, M. (2007). The First World War: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Simkins, P., Jukes, G. Hickey, M. (2002). The First World War, Volumes 1-2. NY, New York: Osprey Publishing. Weinberg, GL. (2005). A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. This research paper on The Second World War Unrest was written and submitted by user Red Cr0w to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka essays

Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka essays Brown v. Board of Education was not the first Supreme Court case of its kind. In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" segregation of public facilities was not a violation of the constitution. This ruling was considered constitutional as long as the schools for blacks provided the same education as the whites received at their schools; this was obviously not the case. Following this ruling, separate schools for blacks and whites became a basic rule in the south. At this time, Jim Crow Laws had also been passed throughout the south which established separate facilities for blacks and whites in everything from schools to water fountains. Seven year old Linda Brown walked a mile to her school in Topeka, Kansas every day. Even though there was a school, Sumner Elementary, located within four blocks of her house, Linda was not allowed to attend. Every day when she would walk to the bus stop, this young girl would pass by the school and wonder to herself why she couldn't simply go there but instead had to travel so far to a different school. The reason she couldn't go to the local school was simple, she was black. Linda's father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the all-white Sumner Elementary School to make things a little bit easier on them and to get a better education for his daughter. Both the superintendent of the school and the members of the school board were strong supporters of segregation and wholeheartedly opposed the idea of allowing a black girl to attend there school. Oliver Brown did not take this opposition with a grain of salt. Mr. Brown felt that there was absolutely no reason why young Linda Brown should not be able to attend this school with the other children. The school was less than half the distance of the school she had been attending and also offered a stronger education. To gain support, Mr. Brown went to the Topeka, Kansas branch of the NAACP or National...

White Collar Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

White Collar Crime - Essay Example Additionally, the law enforcement agencies do not focus their attention on the rich as they have the money to go to the law. This is the reason there are many poor in prisoners. While the poor fill the prisons, the rich are making more money. The other reason the rich want to get more than they already have is solely that they want to have more power over the powerless. In the sense that, the poor do not have an ability to measure up to the poor; because there is power inequality that is mostly caused by the rich having more than the poor. In additional, the poor do not have the ability or the resources to commit sophisticated crimes making them susceptible to jail, as they do not plan. This is because crimes committed by white-collar criminals compared to those committed by blue-collar criminals are sophisticated in nature because of the resources required to commit such crimes (Siegel, 2013). In the case of Ponzi scheme, the rich use the poor to make money because the scheme uses new users to pay the old investors and the new investors are mostly the poor. Therefore, it is correct to state the rich want to be richer because of power and maintenance of social

The Popularity of Social Networking and Social Media Sites Research Paper - 8

The Popularity of Social Networking and Social Media Sites - Research Paper Example The social networks and social media phenomenon has also led to the emergence of new careers in social media managers who are among the best-paid employees in the current times. Social media has basically overhauled the traditional ways of doing business. Besides business, social media and social networking have also profoundly affected how members of society communicate with each other. Calls that are usually carried over telephone networks and physical mails that are normally delivered through courier and postal services are almost becoming extinct as more and more humans choose to communicate via internet supported chat rooms, emails, status updates, microblogs and tweets. Through a simple status update, one can give an opinion on an issue and initiate a debate on the issue without necessarily convening a physical meeting where everyone has to be physically present. Socializing has also taken a new form as a result of the emerging Social Media and Social Networking sites. Humans a re often considered as social beings that have the need to socialize with each other. Social Networking sites like Facebook allow one to befriend people over the internet even without meeting them. Graduates.com is another site that allows for the socialization of former schoolmates. Perhaps the most profound effect of social media is in the way we receive news. In the past, breaking news was a reserve of the big cable television companies. However, in the social media and social networking era, anyone who can claim ownership of a smartphone can easily play the role of a journalist and deliver breaking news. Pictures can easily be uploaded on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook.

Gender and Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender and Aging - Essay Example For instance, Ms. Beatrice engages in volunteering work in order to find time to share with her daughter and grandchildren (Anno. 2014). This helps her to feel better because of the company and the chance to interact with others. The aging services can help widows like Ms. Beatrice Newman cope with such challenges and age successfully by providing social occasions where they can interact with others. This is essential since it will make them feel appreciated and forget about their problems back at home. It would also be appropriate to encourage them to participate in volunteering activities where they can keep busy and socialize with other members of the society (Anno. 2014). This arises because the main challenge to them is loneliness and loss of touch of the family members. As a result, aging services can support caregivers by providing suitable facilities and conditions for taking care of the

History of Bacteria, Penicillin and Germ Theories

History of Bacteria, Penicillin and Germ Theories Mursal Malekzadeh THE GERM THEORY How this all began was before the germ theory was developed. Edward Jenner who was a doctor came up with vaccination. Smallpox was popular in the 18th century and so many people died due to the smallpox. Girls who would milk cows didn’t catch smallpox but instead caught cowpox. There was no research into disease and infections in the 18th century. Edward Jenner thought of an idea. He thought that people could be protected from smallpox if he would inject them with cowpox so therefore in 1794 he tried this idea which proved his prediction right. Also to provide clear evidence he injected a smallpox victim into the same person he injected cowpox with 2 months after. This caused the person to show no signs of smallpox because he had been injected with cowpox previously. Jenner’s idea became widely accepted as it cured a lot of smallpox victims. Jenner’s technique of injected cowpox into smallpox victims is now called vaccination. In the 1980s the world health organi sation suggested that the disease didn’t exist anymore due to an international vaccination programme. This got rid of smallpox. Although Edward Jenner’s theory was correct and there’s evidence to prove it but his technique would not be permitted today because its considered unethical to use healthy participants and inject them. In the 18th and 19th century many women who just gave birth were dying within 5 days of their delivery. There were clear symptoms such as vomiting and inflammation of the womb however no one knew why this was happening. Ignaz Semmelweiss was a doctor who worked in the maternity wards. Semmelweiss found out that his medical students would straight away dissect a dead body to delivering a baby without washing their hands. This made him think if they had the cause of the disease on their hands from the dead patients previously to their pregnant patients. Semmelweiss knew that the deaths were caused by an infectious agent so therefore he told all his medical students to wash their hands in soap before they went to the maternity ward. This was effect because the death rates dropped to 1% after 2 years. On the other hand other doctors wouldn’t agree with Semmelweiss idea because they thought the pain women received after childbirth was due to god punishing them. Washing hands in the 19th century was hard because there wasn’t always running warm water and the soap made of chlorinated lime would damage the hands but today everyone washes before and after they do anything. Later in the 1920s Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin. He noticed a lot of mould on his plates after he came back from holiday. One day he used mould juice which he called penicillin but the problem was that he couldn’t get a lot of mould juice because it would go bad so this made him stop doing experiments to prove if penicillin would kill bacteria. In 1938 Howard Florey and Ernst Chain did further research into penicillin. One of their experiments were based on 8 mice which they injected 4 of them with bacteria that would kill them and 4 with penicillin. The results showed that the 4 injected with penicillin survived whereas the other remaining 4 died. They could prove that penicillin destroyed bacteria. The next problem was making enough of it for everyone so they went to USA with their mould and the big chemical companies helped them make penicillin. Penicillin is very popular today as it has been used by many to destroy bacterial infections. All these past events influenced Pasteur to come up with the germ theory. The germ theory of disease is thought that infectious diseases are caused by a germ. Louis Pasteur who was a chemist and biologist did a lot of research into the germ theory. In order to help him with his experiments people such as Robert Koch developed the microscope so that microorganisms were visible. Pasteur had an idea that growths that developed like mould on food, were from microscopic organisms which were in the air. Pasteur did some experiments to see if his prediction was correct so he boiled broth and closed the container and it would be clear however when he added other things that were exposed to the air, he saw that microorganisms developed in the broth which caused it to be cloudy. He repeated many more experiments until he came up with a series of experiments which used swan necked flasks because this proved that microorganisms that appear in boiled broth come from the air. In 1845 a disease destroyed silkworms. Pasteur again knew this was due to microorganisms because it was found in the tissues of diseased silkworms, moths and eggs which were possible to see by using a microscope. Pasteur tried to get rid of the disease by identifying the eggs which were infected. This helped to save the silk industry and there was clear evidence of microorganisms causing disease. Many people died of infectious diseases but Pasteur did a lot of investigation on these diseases so therefore he developed vaccines against these diseases. Many of Pasteur’s investigations and experiments influenced Joseph Lister who was a scientist. Pasteur came up with the idea of pasteurisation which is that boiling liquid can effectively remove bacteria or germs. People thought that small organisms as germs couldn’t destroy larger ones such as humans. Pasteur did further investigation in order to explain the causes of many diseases such as smallpox, anthrax, TB and cholera. He found out that these diseases could be eliminated by vaccination and eventually will leave the body. Pasteur became very successful when he developed vaccinations for Rabies. Joseph Lister was influenced by Pasteur’s work. He was a surgeon and used Pasteur’s ideology’s to make the process of surgery more hygienic which eventually prevented many people from dying When Lister found out about Pasteurs experiments on wine going bad due to microorganisms in the air, he knew that microorganisms present in the air were causing his patients to die after they had survived surgery. This was due to the infection as the open wounds made it easier for the germs to transfer into the body. People would use carbolic acid to get rid of cattle parasite in fields so Lister thought it could stop wounds from getting infected by cleaning the patients wounds with carbolic acid as well as soaking the dressings in antiseptic liquid. Listers antiseptic surgery caused the death rate to fall to 15% but before Lister came up with his antiseptic surgery the death rate was high due to the bacteria in the air and the lack of using any antiseptic when doing surgery. Recent events that happened include the discovery of Methiciliin in 1960 in order to treat infections caused by bacteria resistant to penicillin. In 2008 the cervical cancer vaccination programme was developed and introduced in UK. It was suggested to vaccinate girls aged 12 against HPV. 3 vaccinations are given every six months. This vaccination helps to protect against types of HPV. In conclusion all these events tell us that vaccination is very effective so therefore ever since vaccination was first discovered it has been successful. References http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infectiousdiseases_timeline/index.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/pasteur_louis.shtml

Women :: History, Caribbean Women

â€Å"During the twentieth century, poor women in the Caribbean were pulled into a predictable, gendered, labor pattern operating at investment sites in the region. In this pattern poor men leave home to find temporary, labor-intensive employment in the initial phases of economic development. Women follow later to take up more permanent service employment as maids, domestics, and cleaners† (Almer, 99). The significance of the quote is its showing the emergence of a labor model that has shaped the Caribbean for generations. In the beginning of the twentieth century poor eastern Caribbean women followed male migrant workers to various places such as: the Panama Canal, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad, Curacao, and Aruba in order to provide for their families. Eastern Caribbean women have developed their own family model, which include non-marital relationships and freedom to travel for work. According to eastern Caribbean social norms poor women are expected to have children and support them financially. This results in women leaving their children with extended family and supporting them by working in distant places (99). During the Pre-1960s women migrant workers found employment as seamstresses, cooks, laundresses, and maids at labor camps located in the Panama Canal Zone, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic (100). When employment on these islands decreased, women followed the labor migrant pattern again by traveling to Trinidad, Curacao and Aruba to perform domestic work (101). â€Å"The female labor migrants experienced a form of freedom and independence that came with consistent predictable wages. These migrant domestics were economic mainstays for their dependents left behind in their sending societies† (101). The quote is showing how migrant women have moved from their economic status in their home town to now being able to support themselves and their families through steady employment. During the Post-1960s increased economic investment in tourism on the US and British Virgin Islands, in addition to the Dutch’s Aruba and St. Maarten brought again the labor migrant pattern of women coming to work in the tourism industry (101). The increase in tourism on the Virgin Islands brought with it increases in foreign born populations and in female workers. â€Å" ’The general prosperity that was stimulated by tourism resulted in a demand for female workers, as maids and ancillary personal in hotels and gift shops and as domestics in private households’† (102). The quote shows how female labor plays an important role in the economies of these islands.

The Fencing Problem

A farmer has exactly 1000 metres of fencing; with it she wishes to fence off a plot of land. She is not concerned about the shape of the plot, but it must have a perimeter of 1000m. So it could be or anything else with a perimeter (or circumference) of 1000m What she does wish to do is fence off the plot of land which contains the maximum area. Investigate the shape, or shapes of the plot of land which have a maximum area. Throughout this investigation I will check that the perimeter is 1000 meters by finding the total of all the outer sides. Also I will use refining as a way of finding the maximum area. When I talk about using the maximum area of the previous table the maximum area of each table will be highlighted. Rectangles The first shape I will test will be a rectangle. Having been told that the perimeter must be 1000 meters I will find the areas of three rectangles, each with different lengths of sides, making sure that the perimeter is kept the same. To calculate the area I will use the formula LENGTH x WIDTH = AREA or Area = lw. Rectangle A: l = 450m w = 10m Area = 450 x 10 Area = 4500m2 Rectangle B: l = 300m w = 200m Area = 300 x 200 Area = 60000m2 Rectangle C: l = 100m w = 400m Area = 100 x 400 Area = 40000m2 Having carried out the above calculations I will create a spreadsheet with formulae to carry out more calculations. The headings will consist of Length, Width, Perimeter and Area. Under length there will be a variable number (less than 500 and greater than 0). The first formula will be put under the width heading. The width will be calculated by taking the length away from 500. This will guarantee the perimeter to be 1000m. The formula will be =500-B2 where B2 is the cell in which the length is. To double check that the perimeter is 1000m under the perimeter heading there will be another formula. This will be =(B2+C2)*2 where B2 is the length and C2 is the perimeter. It will be multiplied by 2 because the answer in the brackets would be just the total of two sides and not all four. Finally under the area heading there will be a formula. This will be =B2*C2 where B2 is the length and C2 is the width. This formula is the same as the one used previously to calculate the area of a rectangle. The formulas and headings will be entered in as shown in the table below. Length (m) Width (m) Perimeter (m) Area (square m) 490 =500-B2 =(B2+C2)*2 =B2*C2 Having entered the correct information I will be able to calculate the areas of many different sizes of rectangles with a perimeter of 1000m. I can do this in Microsoft Excel by dragging the formula boxes down, thus duplicating them but allowing them to refer to different lengths. (Please see tables and graphs [Fencing Problem for Rectangles]) To start with I used my spreadsheet to find the area of a few rectangles within the range of 1m and 499m.I then plotted a graph showing length against area. It showed a perfect curve. I decided that the line of symmetry of this curve would help to find the length that would give me the maximum area. I found the line of symmetry to be along the 250m mark on the x axis of the graph. Hypothesis I predict that the length of a rectangle that will give me the maximum area will be 250m. I have decided this having found the line of symmetry on the graph. Poof (Please see tables and graphs [Fencing Problem for Rectangles]) To prove my hypothesis I refined my search around the maximum area of the first table and then the second table, followed by the third table and so on. Eventually I found that, even to 1 decimal place above or below 250m that, the maximum area was given by rectangle of sides 250m by 250m. This shows that a square gives the maximum area for a rectangle. Isosceles Triangles The second shape that I will test will be an isosceles triangle. Having carried out tests for a rectangle I am going to see whether the maximum area will be bigger, smaller or the same as that of a rectangle. I am also going to find out whether the number of sides affects the results and whether there are any similarities in results to a triangle. This will help me find the shape that gives the maximum area. As previously for rectangles I will test some different sized isosceles triangles that have an area of 1000m. The formula for the area of a triangle is BASE x HEIGHT divided by 2 or bh/2. I cannot find the area without knowing what the height of the triangle is. To find the height of the triangle I must use Pythagoras. This states that for a right-angled triangle a2+b2=c2 or the square hypotenuse is equal to the sum of square of the other two sides. Therefore to find the height I must split the triangle in half and then use half of the base to help me find the height. The square height will therefore be equal to the square of the hypotenuse minus the square of half the base. In the below examples b = base, s = one equal side of the triangle and h = height. Triangle A: b = 500m s = 250m b/2 = 250m h = 2502-2502 h = 0m Area = 250 x 0 / 2 Area = 0m2 Triangle B: b = 400m s = 300m b/2 = 200m h = 3002-1002 h = ?50000m h = 223.6068m Area = 400 x 223.6068 / 2 Area = 44721.35955m2 Triangle C: b = 200m s = 400m b/2 = 100m h = 4002-1002 h = ?150000m h = 387.29833m Area = 200 x 387.29833 / 2 Area = 38729.38466m2 After completing the above tests I will create a spreadsheet with formulae to carry out more calculations. The headings will consist of Base, 1 equal side, Perimeter, Height and Area. Under the base heading there will be a variable number between 1 and 500. The first formula will be used to calculate the length of one equal side of the isosceles triangle. The formula will be =(1000-B2)/2 where B2 is the base. It will be divided by 2 because 1000-B2 would give the sum of the two equal sides together. As previously , for the rectangles, there will be a formula to check that the perimeter is 1000m. This will be the base plus, one equal side multiplied by two or =B2+(C2*2). The main formula in this spreadsheet will be the one used to find the height. In a spreadsheet there are codes that represent calculations carried out. These are put at the front of the formula and the substitute for square root is SQRT. So my formula will be the square root of 1 equal side squared, minus half the base squared. However before entering my formula I found out that using the power sign (^) doesn't give accurate results and in order to square numbers I must multiply the number by itself instead of using such a sign. Therefore the formula entered into the spreadsheet will be =SQRT((C2*C2)-((B2/2)*(B2/2))) Finally under the area heading there will be a formula. This will be =(B2*E2)/2 where B2 is the base and E2 is the height. This formula is the same as the one used previously to calculate the area of a triangle. The formulas and headings will be entered in as shown in the table below. Base (m) 1 Equal Side (m) Perimeter (m) Height (m) Area (square m) 200 =(1000-B2)/2 =B2+(C2*2) =SQRT((C2*C2)-((B2/2)*(B2/2))) =(B2*E2)/2 Having entered the correct information I will be able to calculate the areas of many different sizes of isosceles triangles with a perimeter of 1000m. I can do this in Microsoft Excel by dragging the formula boxes down, thus duplicating them but allowing them to refer to a different base. (Please see tables and graphs [Fencing Problem for Isosceles Triangles}) As before I entered a range bases between 1m and 499m. I then plotted a graph of base against area and found that unlike the results for a rectangle there wasn't a perfect curve in order to find the line of symmetry, to aid my search. However I could tell that the maximum area would be given by a triangle with a base between 300m and 400m Hypothesis I predict that the maximum area will be given by a triangle with equal sides. I have decided this because the maximum area for a rectangle was given by a square and that my graph shows that the base must be between 300m and 400m. For a triangle with equal sides and a perimeter of 1000m the base would be 333.33†¦meters. Poof (Please see tables [Fencing Problem for Isosceles Triangles}) To prove my hypothesis I refined my search around the maximum area of the first table and then the second table, followed by the third table and so on. Eventually I found that, to 2 decimal places, the maximum area was given by a triangle of equal sides which is 333.33m to every side. This shows that an equilateral triangle gives the maximum area for a triangle and this proves my hypothesis right. Regular Polygons Having tested isosceles triangles and rectangles I found that regular sided shapes give the maximum area. I know this because the maximum area of an isosceles triangle is given when the sides are each 333.33m. The maximum area given by a rectangle is give by a square with 250m sides. I have also that as you increase the number of sides the area increases because the maximum area for a rectangle is 62500m2, and the maximum area for an isosceles triangle is 48112.52243m2. As a result of these findings I am going to test regular sided polygons. Having split the pentagon into isosceles triangles and then into right angled triangles I can now find the area. I know that the base of the triangle is 100m however I do not know the height. Before finding the height I must work out what the internal angle is. To find this I will divide 360 by the number of right-angled triangles (in this case 10). I can now tell the following about the triangle: – I can now use Trigonometry to find the height of the triangle. SOH CAH TOA I know what the opposite is and the angle, and I want to know what the adjacent is. I will therefore use the formula TAN=Opposite/Adjacent. Therefore Adjacent=Opposite/TAN. So the height in metres will be: Height = 100/TAN36 Height = 137.638192m Area of 1 Isosceles Triangle = (200*137.638192)/2 Area of 1 Isosceles Triangle = 13763.819205m2 Area of Pentagon = 13763.819205*5 Area of Pentagon = 68819.09602 m2 After completing the above tests I will create a spreadsheet with formulae to carry out more calculations. The headings will consist of Number of Sides, 1 Equal Side, Perimeter, Internal Angle of 1 Triangle, Half Angle, Height (of internal isosceles triangle), Area of 1 Triangle and Total Area. Under the first heading (Number of Sides) there will be a variable, whole, number between 3 and as higher number as desired (e.g. 30). Under the second heading there will be a formula to calculate the length of one equal side. The formula will be =1000/A3 where A3 is the number of sides. As in all the other tests there will be a formula to check that the perimeter is 1000m. This will tell me if I have made an error in any of the previous cells. So far so good, however before I continue I must point out that a computer spreadsheet doesn't work in degrees to measure angles. It measures in radians where a complete rotation is 2?. Also ? is represented by PI() in a spreadsheet. So instead of using 360 in my formula under the Internal Angle of 1 Triangle heading I will use 2*PI()/A3 where A3 is the number of sides. Under the Half Angle heading there will be a formula that will be =D3/2 where D3 is the internal angle of one triangle. This gives the internal angle of 1 right-angled triangle. My main formula will go under the Height heading and it will use Tan which is substituted by TAN in a spreadsheet. It will be =(B3/2)/TAN(E3) where B3 is 1 equal side and E3 is the angle inside a right-angled triangle. The area of one isosceles triangle will be calculated using the formula =(B3*F3)/2 where B3 is one equal side and F3 is the height. Finally the total area will be calculated by multiplying the area of one isosceles triangle by the number of sides. The formula entered will be =G3*A3 where G3 is the area of one triangle and A3 is the number of sides. The formulas and headings will be entered in as shown in the table below. Number 1 Equal Side Perimeter Internal Angle Half Angle Height Area of 1 Triangle Total Area of Sides (m) (m) of 1 Triangle (rad.) (rad.) (m) (square m) (square m) 5 =1000/A3 =B3*A3 =2*PI()/A3 =D3/2 =(B3/2)/TAN(E3) =(B3*F3)/2 =G3*A3 Having entered the correct information I will be able to calculate the areas of many regular polygons with different numbers of sides and with a perimeter of 1000m. I can do this in Microsoft Excel by dragging the formula boxes down, thus duplicating them but allowing them to refer to a different number of sides. Hypothesis I predict that as you increase the number of sides the area increases because the maximum area for a rectangle is 62500m2, and the maximum area for an isosceles triangle is 48112.52243m2. Proof (Please see graph and table [Fencing Problem for Regular Polygons]) Used my spreadsheet to calculate the areas of polygons with sides ranging from 3 to 30. The polygons with 3 and 4 sides were used to test that my formula worked correctly. I plotted a graph showing the number of sides against the area and found that, as predicted, as the number of sides increased so too did the area. Circle After my findings from carrying out tests on regular polygons I have decided to test circle. I have decided this because as the number of sides of a regular polygon increase so too does the area and a circle is an infinitely sided regular polygon. Hypothesis I predict that a circle will give the largest area because of my tests on regular polygons. I also predict that the maximum area given will be pretty close to that of a regular polygon with 30 sides (79286.37045m2) because of the curve on the graph plotted for the regular polygon section. To find the area of a circle I will be required to use the formulae 2?r and ?r2. The circumference must be 1000m and before finding the area I need to find the radius. Radius = (1000/2)/? r = 500/? r = 159.1549431m Area = ?*159.15494312 Area = 79577.47155m2 To complete this in a spreadsheet under the circumference heading I would enter 1000. Under the radius heading I would use the formula =(C2/2)/PI() where C2 is the circumference. Finally under the Area heading I would enter the formula =PI()*(D2*D2) where D2 is the radius. The headings and formulas will be entered as shown in the table below. Number of Sides Circumference (m) Radius (m) Area (square m) Infinite 1000 =(C2/2)/PI() =PI()*(D2*D2) Formula – 2?r (Circumference/2)/? ?r2 Proof Number of Sides Circumference (m) Radius (m) Area (square m) Infinite 1000 159.1549431 79577.47155 The table above clearly proves my hypothesis correct. The working out also proves my hypothesis correct. Conclusion Having completed the spreadsheet table I can conclude that a circle gives the maximum area and that the result was close to that given by a 30 sided regular polygon. A circle provides the maximum area possible for fencing of length 1000m. The maximum area possible is: – 79577.47155m2

Esr Class Presentation †Week V

ESR Class Presentation – Week V ( September 12& 13 2011) 1. Cases for Discussion (David J. Fritzsche): * It’s Your Turn (page 109) * Kader Industrial (Thailand) Company- Case 10 (page 182) * Muebles Fino Buenos- Case 11 (page 184) 2. â€Å"It’s Your Turn† – Please answer the question in the last line using the following ethical frameworks: (a) Categorical Imperative; (b) Rule Utilitarian; (c) Veil of Ignorance; and (d) Act Utilitarianism. * Categorical Imperative: If you have a contract with another party, fulfill this contract. No matter what.Especially if the other party is counting on you, because they should go bankrupt. Humanity: Fulfill your contract, moral duty. * Rule Utilitarianism: Follow through with your contract. Don’t abandon people/companies with who you have agreed to help/work with. * Veil of Ignorance: You have limited amount of resources, so you have to make the choice for one of the 2 clients. Keep producing for the old cl ient, but use the rest of your capacity to start producing for the new big one. What if The domestic customer only signs the contract if you can produce everything in the first month. hose for domestic one, 2 happy vs. 1 bad * Act Utilitarianism: More positives vs. best negatives. Ok you make one party really unhappy, but still this is the most good for the most peoples. 3. Case 10: Only Questions 4, 5, 7 & 8. * 4: Lock the doors, no safety regulations or fire escapes. Cloth close to electrical transformer. No alarms. If you lock doors, make sure that you can open them really fast at all times. Building disintegrated quickly (poor construction, steel beams) * 7: Business aimed, only profit matters†¦. Don’t look at the people as humans, but use them as machines.They even asked their workers to keep working while there was a small fire. Maybe even hostile, locking doors etc. * 5: Legal: Board, managers†¦ should have safety regulations. Government, Safety and health or ganization in Thailand (from government). Moral: * 8: Only sign contract if you know that the working conditions are ok, that there are safety regulations etc. company should at least follow the country regulations for safety codes, building rules etc. , if you ask more of the company, they won’t be able to give you the cheap labor. ut point in the middle Class†¦ where would you put the line, what are the moral/social obligations for the customers before signing any contracts? 4. Case 11: Only Questions 3, 4, 6, and 7. * 3: They didn’t follow all the environmental rules of the state. Unhealthy for the employees to work there. Just switching countries because they didn’t want to invest in the machines/other processing methods and to evade the fines. So fire a lot of people to get new employees at 1/8 of the costs. Is this even outsourcing? Or really moving your whole company somewhere else. * 4: Pollution vs. working conditions.A lot of pollution vs. good pa id jobs. As long as there are good safety regulations and compensations for health. * 6: Egoism view: YES 😉 because you make more profits and you don’t care about the pollution. But†¦ you pay your employees less than in California, so you can invest a bit more in environmental issues. Deontology (don’t do to anybody else what you don’t want them to do to you): Stay in America and fix your pollution problems, because you don’t want to get fined and you don’t want your employees to get ill. * 7: Make sure they follow the standards and make sure that you have quit high environmental standards.But a lot of corruption in Mexico so make sure the companies follow your standards by controlling them yourself. Because a lot of American companies will go to Mexico (because of rising environmental standards in US) build some parks and green zones to help the people who live there to be able to live healthy, outside all the pollution. 5. Assume tha t stung by charges re the happenings of Foxcon in China, Apple Inc. has asked you to draft a memo on the subject of an ISO standard to be applied to high-tech contract manufacturers of high-end electronic items.Restrict yourself to 6 standards and explain your choice. 6. The Medical Council of Singapore has asked you to draft 3 ethics principles relating to the outsourcing of medical work to India. Please identify what, in your opinion, are the three most important principles and explain the purpose behind your choice and the specific content of such principles. Firms Find a Haven From U. S. Environmental Rules : Commerce: Hundreds of companies set up shop in Mexico, where regulation is less strict and wages are low. THE FREE-TRADE DILEMMA: The environmental costs of a U. S. Mexico pact. Third in a four-part series. Next: How will free trade affect El Paso's smoggy skies? November 19, 1991|JUDY PASTERNAK  |  TIMES STAFF WRITER â€Å"We are rewriting history here. It was only re cently that anyone here started to care about the environment. It will take time. † The backlog troubles EPA officials who deal regularly with SEDUE. Said one, who spoke on the condition of anonymity: â€Å"This is a situation where the economic activity has gotten way ahead of the regulatory activity. † * http://articles. latimes. com/1991-11-19/news/mn-70_1_environmental-rules/4

Earths Elliptical Path Around the Sun

Earth's Elliptical Path Around the Sun Earths motion around the Sun was a mystery for many centuries as very early sky watchers attempted to understand what was actually moving: the Sun across the sky or Earth around the Sun. The Sun-centered solar system idea was deduced thousands of years ago by the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos. It wasnt proved until Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus proposed his Sun-centered theories in the 1500s, and showed how planets could orbit the Sun. Earth orbits the Sun  in a slightly flattened circle called an ellipse. In geometry, the ellipse is a curve that loops around two points called foci. The distance from the center to the longest ends of the ellipse is called the semi-major axis, while the distance to the flattened sides of the ellipse is called the semi-minor axis. The Sun is at one focus of each planets ellipse, which means that the distance between the Sun and each planet varies throughout the year.   Earths Orbital Characteristics When Earth is closest to the Sun in its orbit, it is at perihelion. That distance is 147,166,462 kilometers, and Earth gets there each January 3. Then, on July 4 of each  year, Earth is as far from the Sun as it ever gets, at a distance of 152,171,522 kilometers. That point is called aphelion. Every world (including comets and asteroids) in the solar system that primarily orbits the Sun has a perihelion point and an aphelion. Notice that for Earth, the closest point is during northern hemisphere winter, while the most distant point is northern hemisphere summer. Although theres a small increase in solar heating that our planet gets during its orbit, it doesnt necessarily correlate with the perihelion and aphelion. The reasons for the seasons are more due to our planets orbital tilt throughout the year. In short, each part of the planet tilted toward the Sun during the yearly orbit will get heated more during that time. As it tilts away, the heating amount is less. That helps contribute to the change of seasons more than Earths place in its orbit. Useful Aspects of Earths Orbit for Astronomers Earths orbit around the Sun is a benchmark for distance. Astronomers take the average distance between Earth and the Sun (149,597,691 kilometers) and use it as a standard distance called the astronomical unit (or AU for short). They then use this as shorthand for larger distances in the solar system. For example, Mars is 1.524 astronomical units. That means its just over one-and-a-half times the distance between Earth and the Sun. Jupiter is 5.2 AU, while Pluto is a whopping 39.,5 AU.   The Moons Orbit The Moons orbit is also elliptical. It moves around Earth once every 27 days, and due to tidal locking, always shows the same face to us here on Earth. The Moon doesnt actually orbit Earth; they actually orbit a common center of gravity called a barycenter. The complexity of the Earth-Moon orbit, and their orbit around the Sun results in the apparent changing shape of the Moon as seen from Earth. These changes, called phases of the Moon,  go through a cycle every 30 days. Interestingly, the Moon is slowly moving away from Earth. Eventually, it will be so far away that such events as total solar eclipses will no longer occur. The Moon will still occult the Sun, but it wont appear to block the entire Sun as it does now during a total solar eclipse. Other Planets Orbits The other worlds of the solar system that orbit the Sun have different length years due to their distances. Mercury, for example, has an orbit just 88 Earth-days long. Venuss is 225 Earth-days, while Marss is 687 Earth days. Jupiter takes 11.86 Earth years to orbit the Sun, while Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto take 28.45, 84, 164.8, and 248 years, respectively. These lengthy orbits reflect one of Johannes Keplers laws of planetary orbits, which says that the period of time it takes to orbit the Sun is proportional to its distance (its semi-major axis). The other laws he devised describe the shape of the orbit and the time each planet takes to traverse each part of its path around the Sun. Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Challenges and Opportunities of the Organizations Assignment

Challenges and Opportunities of the Organizations - Assignment Example Accepting money from the Mexican drug dealers helps in satisfying its business goals as the deal increases deposits for loaning. Involvement of the organization in money laundering activity is leading to the likelihood of it incurring a fine of $700 million. Another challenge facing the organization relates to lack of proper marketing focus. This element has led the company to face legal suites. The business is also on the verge of compensating some of its clients who lost money through uncertain schemes that it initiated. For instance, the organization is setting aside $1.3 billion for compensating victims of improper insurance selling. With proper marketing focus, the organization would be able to identify and detect the problem and avoid the associated losses. Additionally, the business is poised to incur bills in payment of the damages for the alleged misinformation about its American consumer-finance business. The organization is also under scrutiny for violation of mortgage foreclosure rules, which will see it compensate customers that lost investments in the scheme of Bernard Madoff Ponzi. Despite the challenges faced, the organization enjoys some opportunities that it can exploit and develop to improve its condition. One of the opportunities relates to the growth experienced in the marketing markets, which has the potential to increase profitability. The business already has a big name in the banking and financial industry. It only needs to correct its tainted image and will manage to gain acceptance in the emerging markets. Another opportunity relates to the low-interest rates that the organization offers on mortgages. The organization can take advantage of its recognition as offering low-interest rates on mortgages to expand its market share and revenues.

Sec in Southwestt Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sec in Southwestt Asia - Essay Example This requires an urgent ceasefire between the two countries to restore good relations. As earlier stated, the conflict between India and Pakistan has impacted on the entire South Asian region. The United States is one of the many countries that have been concerned with the war making it a priority agenda (Lamb 1966, p.12). For instance, during the handing over of the presidency from Clinton to George Walker Bush, the former advised Bush that the persistent antagonism between India and Pakistan needed to prioritized because of the dangers posed by the nuclear capabilities of the two countries (Misra 2010, p.32). The objective of this paper is to explore the reasons for the continued hostility between India and Pakistan relations. It will also discuss steps that can be taken to develop and sustain cordial relations between the two countries. Indo-Pak conflict has been a long-standing political conflict that began in 1947 immediately after independence (Brines 1968, p.35). The war has s ince persisted with the two countries being suspicious of each other. Report indicates that the two countries have fought three deadly wars since independent because of the continued friction between the two countries (Raja 2013). ... The war ended in 1949 following a ceasefire leaving the state of Kashmir split into two with India being handed two-thirds of the eastern side of Kashmir (Sareen 2012). Pakistan, on the other hand, gained control of the remaining third of the western Kashmir. However, due to continued hostility over Kashmir, the two countries again engaged each other in war in 1965, with the war ending in a military stalemate with the division of Kashmir remaining unchanged. Ever since, there has been a disagreement over which county owns Kashmir, with both countries claiming rightful ownership. According to Pakistan, Kashmir is the â€Å"K† in Pakistan- a Muslim dominated territory that according to the two-nation theory should rightfully belong to Islam (Sareen 2012). In this regard, Pakistan claims that, as a Muslim majority in Kashmir, the territory should have rightfully formed part of Pakistan at the time of partition in 1947. Therefore, merging Kashmir with Pakistan, according to Pakist anis is termed as â€Å"unfinished business of Partition,† which they intend to ensure, becomes fulfilled (Karim 1996, p.22). Indians, on the other hand, opposes this claim arguing that their possession of Kashmir province is a clear demonstration that Muslim dominated state can exist in India. This according to Indians is a good example of how India embraces people from different faiths. As a result, Indians believe that relinquishing Kashmir territory to Pakistan will threaten Indian unity. Some Indians also believe that additional partitioning of Kashmir according to religion would not do any good, but reopen the status of Muslim as Indian citizens and remind people of the wounds caused by the partition. This struggle has been persistent with both countries claiming

Tony Blair and Liberal Democracy Ideology Essay

Tony Blair and Liberal Democracy Ideology - Essay Example Tony Blair played a major role in Unifying the Labour Party a fact that made the popularity of the Labour Party to rise in the United Kingdom. It is through this unification that the country experienced a balance between the two major parties the country and that is the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. This is referred to by some experts as the Blair effect. This shows that Tony Blair was a good leader by all means and this also brings about the question of liberalization. It is important to note that Tony Blair highly advocated for the liberalization of various aspects in the country as well as other parts of the world especially the developing countries and countries that were having political, social and economical problems. Tony Blair was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from the year 1997 to the year 2007 and during his premiership, he adopted various policies which have been seen by many as to advocate for Liberal Democracy and Nation State. Many people will remember him for the foreign wars that he was involved in when he was the Prime Minister and also his doctrines of military intervention in various conflicts in the world. When he was resigning, he argued in parliament that his successors should learn to use his foreign policy. Although these doctrines and policies were not instrumental in his first election to the premiership and were not cited in his campaign, the policies that were cited in his first campaign still remained instrumental in his leadership throughout his premiership1. The most prevalent political model of Tony Blair was the Liberal Democratic Nation State. This was his initial political ideology and while he exercised this at the domestic politics, his foreign policy leaned very much to the Liberal Democracy ideology. It is important to note that even though the Liberal Democracy was a prevalent policy in the United Kingdom long before Tony Blair was elected to the premiership but he also embraced this policy during his premiership2. On the international side, the global crusade for the policy of liberal democracy was taken by Tony Blair as his personal crusade during the conflict of Kosovo. Although he faced significant criticism from various quarters, he did not shy away from implementing this policy in the subsequent wars that included Afghanistan and Iraq. He was also very instrumental in bringing about neoliberalism to be the country's dominant social and moral philosophy. This does not meant that neoliberalism is just a synonym of capitalism because the society and the political culture of the country were transformed by numerous policies which sought to eliminate the ideal of equality from the political policies and this policies also encourage the establishment and acceptance of an underclass which had the outlook of permanency and hereditary social group. Under the administration of Tony Blair, the core electorate group also known as Middle Britain had the opportunity to dominate the country's politics and in so doing they excluded the disadvantaged and non-voting underclass from the politics of the country3. Blair also attempted to implement the Mazzinian Nationalism but this failed

Bible Defines Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Bible Defines Human Nature Essay According to the book of Genesis, man was created in the image of God. â€Å"God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.† Genesis 1:27   This means that man’s nature is godly. Because our almighty God is a holy God, man is also expected to be blameless before Him. But how come sin became inevitable to human nature? Isn’t it that man by nature is greedy and self centered? Other than that, the New Testament says that all have fallen short to God’s standard. Does it mean that the bible contradict itself?                  Meanwhile, western philosophers believe in the concept to tabula rasa. It’s a thesis that says that human beings are born without an inborn personality. Human personality is just a product of pile of experiences and is influenced by his surroundings. If a man doesn’t grow up in a good environment, it follows that his nature is not that good too. In other words, man was born as innocent creature without any sense of morality. We can say that being innocent is close to being blameless. Does it mean that the idea of tabula rasa supports the famous idea taken from Genesis?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we look at the Christian concept of salvation, we can conclude that the Gospel presents a clear explanation regarding this long time debate. Although the bible gives a seemingly contradicting explanation regarding the nature of human beings, still it supports each other when view it from Christian perspective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we were born, we can’t deny the fact that we are innocent. Just like Adam and Eve, we don’t have any knowledge of sin. And as we look back on the book of Genesis, Adam and Eve became aware that they were naked when sin entered their life. Therefore we can conclude that our sinful nature starts when we lose our innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As we grow old, our values are being by our family, community, church and media. Other than that, our personalities were shaped by our experiences. For those people who experienced rejection, they are more likely to develop pride and insecurities. It is also inevitable for them to hold grudges and bitterness. As we look at the bible, we can see that pride and bitterness are sin. Like pride and bitterness, greed is also a product of life experiences as well as family background and community involvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It means that sin is an inevitable part of life. As we grow old, they more we can acquire sin which is too far from having a godly nature. But the good news is that God made a way so that human can return to their blameless nature. He sent Jesus for us to be like his image again. Because of Jesus’ blood that was shed on the cross, we are forgiven of our sin and purified to become new creations. â€Å"Therefore, if anyone is in Christ he is a new creation. The old has gone, the new has come.†Ã‚   2 Corinthians 5:17  Ã‚   This idea of Christ’s way of salvation supports the concept of sanctification.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But sanctification is not a one time experience for Christians. They are experiencing a lifetime of sanctification as they grow in their relationship with Christ. If experiences can cause us to sin, our experiences can also be used by God to mold our characters. Our life is a preparation of our character, a way of sanctification until we meet Christ. It is the reason why the bible always compares Christ and church relationship with that of a groom and a bride. Bibliography The Bible League. The Devotional Study Bible. USA: Zondervan Corporation, 1987.

HR and Line Managers Management Essay

HR and Line Managers Management Essay It is pertinent to start this essay by attempting to define the role and relevance of HR Managers and line managers in an organization.  human resource management is a management function that enables managers to train ,recruit select and develop the members of an organization (Aswathappa, k,2007). HR managers are managers responsible for delivery of basic HRM services such as recruiting, hiring, training, organizational development, coaching, employee relation, communication, leadership, advice, salary and benefits, team building of staffs within an organization including the well-being of people and relationship between management and employees (Susan, H, 2012).On the other hand, line managers are managers that are responsible for the administrative management of individuals, direct management of staffs within an organization and the supervision and discipline of their employees and performance appraisal (John ,F ,2012)  .It must also be noted that line managers have the power to influence the employees behavior (cascio,2008;cited in faisal et al ,2011). Apparently, there is a distinction between the responsibilities of a HR manager and that of a Line manager. While the former serves to engage labour, the latter deals with labour. However, there is a compelling need for Interaction between the HR mangers and line managers.   Interaction between the HR mangers and line managers The need for interaction between the HR manager and the line manager cannot be overemphasized. It is very essential within an organization and a research carried out by Stockton Borough Council (2011) showed that there is an existing culture of both managers working together to address people management responsibilities. The research also showed that line managers were ready to take up more responsibities to deal with poor staff performance without direct access to HR support and going through the required training on the task like conflict management.   For an organization to be fit for current and future challenges, Line managers have to be involved in the development and review of HR policies (Liz,F. 2012). Furthermore, mark et al (2012) pointed out that the establishment of corporate agility and its basic cultural responsibilities require a close and adequate interaction between the HR manager and line manager. HR sets up new policies and systems but the line manager is responsible for the application of these practices and policies. Technically, the  HRM proposes while the line manager disposes (Armstrong ,M ,2012) In view of the above, it is safe to conclude that for a high level of organizational performance to be achieved, there has to be a structured implementation of these policies. The onus lie on the line manager to implement thus he occupies a very important position in the organizational structure (Michael , A ,2012). MacDonald, L (2012) argued that in small businesses without a HR specialist, the line managers can take up the responsibility of recruiting and management of staff. Even in larger businesses where there is a HR specialist or department to oversee the employee management policies and practices, the line manager still plays a major role in the implementation of HR initiatives.   In addition, Mayhew, R.(2012) pointed out that the HR and   line manager interact together to handle and execute certain activities such as department staffing, workforce strategy, performance management, and conflict management in the organization. The main reason why both managers work together is because they share a common interest of ensuring that the company is successful. The line manager thus becomes very effective in the tactical aspect of HR while the HR manager has more time to focus and work on the strategic aspect of HR management (Mayhew, R,2012).   The ultimate goal is that the interaction between the HR manager and the line manager brings in the concept of HR business partnering.   According to Ulrich, D Brokebank ,B. (2008) the concept of HR business partnering is for HR professionals to collaborate with line managers or business leaders to achieve a common objective ,specifically in the designation and implementation of HR systems and processes that support strategic business and in restructuring of business strategy and transformation of the HR.However, there has been an overlap of power between the HR and the line manager. It has been established that the operational aspect of HR management is the reason behind the relationship among the two managers. Some models such as the three legged stool model and the four-role model which operate together under the same principles was invented by Dave Ulrich. It has helped to explain the HR business partnering and the interaction between HR managers and line managers (ken,2011). Furthermore, notwithstanding that the HR department is totally responsible for the HRM activities,  line managers share same responsibilities. Line managers have the power to influence the employees behavior which is the reason for the HR-line manager relationship. Truss and Gratton (1994) pointed out that line managers play a crucial role in coordinating the resources that enable an organization achieve its goal. In other words, it is absolutely necessary for a line manager to understand how HR practices and procedures are conducted so as to ensure a successful implementation of HR in an organization.   (Huchison and Purcell, 2003; cited in Faisal et al, 2011). In addition, line managers are dependent on the HR managers for assistance in knowledge sharing and facilitation and for this to be achieved there has to be series of work relationships between the both of them (Macneil ,2003;cited in faisal,2011). line managers can also achieve full integration of the HR into a companys real work through working in partnernership with the HR therefore leaving the HR totally responsible for the delivery of organizational excellence (Ulrich, 2008) .The HR is way too big and important to be left just for the specialist therefore it is required of the line manager to take up a role on development of peoples performance they have to manage (hearty and morley,1995;cited in Faisal et al ,2012). According to Ulrich, D. Brokebank ,B.(2011)The three- legged model is based on three basic components viz: the HR shared services ,HR centres of excellence and the HR business partners. This model helps to assign and explain the roles of the HR specialist, line mangers. It gives reasons and shows how the business partnering play a role in restructuring of the HR (ken,2011). Furthermore, the HR shared services is a single large unit responsible for handling all routine transactional services that include payroll, provision of corporate services and advices based on employee relations across the organizations, absence monitoring and the recruitment and routine administration (mark et al,2010). Centre of excellence involves a team of HR professionals that have a deep knowledge on the leading-edge HR solutions. The major role is the use of the HR innovations to give businesses a competitive advantage and HR business partners which involves the HR professionals working together with the line managers to steer and influence strategy and its implementation (cipd, 2011). Integration of the business and HR strategies According to Briggs and Keogh (2001) the integration of business and HR strategies is the key tool in achieving business excellence. A previous study by the Aberdeen group (2009) has shown that the best way that organizations and businesses can overcome economic instability and dilemma caused by the economic downturn is by the HR executives collaborating closely with the business managers to understand business success criteria by aligning their human capital management priorities with the overall business objectives and goals. This study also pointed out that the HR has to collaborate with business managers to be able to determine the appropriate HR strategy needed for a strong and effective business outcome (Fabugais, C ,2011) . A case study on McDonalds has shown that high quality products require quality people to produce, design and deliver them and, therefore for a business like McDonalds that offers a large element of personal service to maintain its reputation it has to focus more on HRM in terms of recruiting high quality employees and have the ability to train and retain its staffs (The times 100.2012). McDonalds has been one of the largest and fastest growing global restaurant with their success directly linked to the their ability to implement HR practices in terms of recruitment and training policies designed specifically to attract, identify, develop and retain high number of staffs needed for the business. Customer satisfaction can be linked to the effectiveness, attitudes and abilities of employees to provide those services that attract and satisfy customers (The times 100.2012). According to Sung, J. and Ashton ,D (2002) high performance work practices is one of the HR strategies implemented in businesses that has brought positive and organizational outcomes. This HR strategy is categorized into three different components viz: the high employee involvement practices which is focused on encouraging communication and trust between employees through quality circles; self-directed teams and by giving them access to the company information followed by the human resource practices (HRP) that involves a highly sophisticated processes of recruitment of employees, work mentoring and design and performance appraisals. It also involves the reward and commitment which is focused on facilitating greater commitment of the employees in the organization by providing the employees rewards such as profit sharing, performance related pay, job rotation and family friendly policies (sung, J and Ashton,D.,2002). A survey result on the correlation between the level of HPWP adoption and organizational outcomes by HPWP bundles has shown that the correlation of the three bundles of HPWP working together is positively linked to organizational outcomes and leads to the improvement of organizational performance through the motivation, satisfaction and commitment of staffs, provision of effective communication, teamwork while the correlation of the two bundles the HR and reward and commitment helps in creating a good sense of job security (sung, J and Ashton, D, 2002). Previous case studies derived from samples of companies included in the Sun Times   100 best companies to work for 2004 have demonstrated a good practice in a range of HPWPs and benefits of implementing HRWPs in organizations.   A case study on the Bacardi martini UK which is a successful company known to be a leader and inventor of ready to drink market with the business strategy of managing change and innovation through value based and people culture is a classical example. This company has remained successful through the implementation of HPWPs by creating a series of organizational values to guide, communicate and reward behavior appropriate to team performance. It is not in doubt that a strict adherence to these practices has provided the company with an agile team leading to overall improvements and success of the company. This is evident in improvement of production process efficiency of the company to 4.4 million pounds per year. There was an increment in the service level in warehousing and distribution from 85% to 97% . There was also a reduction of line filler changeover time from 4 hours to 75mins. Elimination of overstock with no failure in delivery on customer order. Reduction in pallet holding from 1.2 million to 457000k pounds and a reduction in the production line packer hangover time from 110minutes to 60 minutes policies (sung, J and Ashton,D.,2002). At this juncture, it is pertinent to acknowledge that PACT is an acronym for productivity, accountability, creativity and teamwork. PACT is another HR strategy implemented in the Bacardi martini UK company which has shaped and organized the processes of recruitment in the company .The strategy is to access the competence of the companies employees in line with the PACT values of the company (sung, J and Ashton,D.,2002).   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Furthermore, a case study on the I -study a digital media agency that has successfully achieved a turnover of 12.3 million pounds and gained the credit and gotten an award in five years as being one of the most innovative digital media company in UK, the companys business strategy is focused on spotting new products and finding out a new approach and building a new industry. The success of this company is fully linked to the implementation of the HR strategies, by the company using the work redesign to remove hierarchy and encourage participation, creativity, communication and a collaborative teamwork and recruitment of effective employees based on personal attributes necessary to win over new business (sung, J and Ashton, D., 2002). Conclusion So far the studies on HRM strategies have shown that its very necessary and important for a business aiming to grow business growth, and the Intergration of the HR strategies into businesses enables business to increase their performance and productivity ,the HR practices play important in every aspect of business that helps in achieving this success ,thus the reward and recognition is directly linked to the motivation of employees which can be linked to a high level of their productivity in the organization, also in terms of training ,the training ,development outsourcing of the right staffs, helps in achieving business success aswell.it will be recommended that every organization wanting to increase the performance of their staffs and productivity should implement both the strategic and operation aspects of the HRM which is where hiring of the a professional HR managers and the line managers play an important role to properly manage these activities in an organization.